kuromaku
黒幕
くろまくthe black curtain—and the mastermind behind the scenes
INSTANT ANSWER
A kuromaku is the black stage curtain that signifies night and darkness—and in everyday Japanese the "black curtain" has come to mean a mastermind pulling strings behind the scenes.
The kuromaku is a black cotton curtain used on the kabuki stage to signify night and darkness, to mask the stage during scene changes, and to serve as a neutral backdrop behind scenery. In kabuki's visual conventions black is the colour of the unseen; when the black curtain hangs, the audience reads it as darkness itself.
The everyday sense of kuromaku—a mastermind who directs events from behind the scenes—is said to derive from this stage curtain: the image of something unseen that governs what the audience beholds slid naturally into a metaphor for hidden power.
In present-day usage the word ranges from political and business journalism to mystery novels and television drama: "Who is the kuromaku behind the merger?"; "The kuromaku of the affair has at last come to light." Remaining unseen is the very condition of being a kuromaku—the word's work ends the instant the figure is exposed—and even in that nuance the old stage convention lingers.
The kuromaku is part of kabuki stagecraft as a whole rather than the art of any one family. The elegantly simple convention of rendering darkness with a single cloth still serves every production—including those of the Ichikawa Sōke's repertoire.
Read this next
These words meet on the same stage. Knowing one makes the next easier to see.
- 黒衣kurogoKurogo are the black-clad assistants who work on stage in full view, rendered "invisible" by kabuki's convention that black is not seen.Read
- 定式幕jōshikimakuThe jōshikimaku is kabuki's iconic striped draw curtain of black, persimmon, and green, pulled open and closed to frame each performance.Read
- 緞帳donchōA donchō is a curtain that rises and falls—unlike kabuki's traditional draw curtain—used mainly for dance pieces and newly written works.Read
- 差金sashiganeA sashigane is the slender black pole used to fly prop butterflies and birds on stage—or to work a puppet's arm—whence the everyday phrase for someone secretly pulling the strings.Read
Sources & Supervision
- Author
- KABUKI Universe Editorial Team
- Supervision
- Ichikawa Danjūrō
- Published
- Aug 16, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 9, 2026
Supervision means Ichikawa Danjūrō has reviewed this page's intent and key points. The text is the editorial team's writing, not Ichikawa Danjūrō's own statements. Editorial responsibility rests with the team, which corrects any error. Read the editorial policy